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Angiogenesis

List of -TEMs -PEMs -NEMs

TEMs TEM1 TEM2 TEM3 TEM4 TEM5 TEM6 TEM7 TEM8 TEM9 TEM10 TEM11 TEM12 TEM13 TEM14 TEM15 TEM16 TEM17 TEM18 TEM19 TEM20 TEM21_1 TEM21_2 TEM22 TEM23 TEM24 TEM25 TEM26 TEM27 TEM28 TEM29 TEM30 TEM31_1 TEM31_2 TEM32 TEM33 TEM34 TEM35 TEM36 TEM37 TEM38 TEM39 TEM40 TEM41 TEM42 TEM43 TEM44 TEM45 TEM46

Summary -Overview of TEMs -extracellular TEMs -intrac. & membrane TEMs -TEM tissue distribution

Supplementary -SAGE -Seq.analysis Methods

FAQ

Functional Classification of Extracellular TEM

	INVOLVEMENT OF EXTRACELLULAR TEMs IN POLICING STEPS OF ANGIOGENESIS
	general context signaling - extracellular signaling factors: TGFbeta3= TEM39 Dkk-3= TEM4	Transforming growth factor beta3 (TGF beta3, TEM39) is essential in endothelial-mesenchymal transformation. It is known to increase proteolytic activity, collagen deposition, and cellular proliferation. Dkk-3 (TEM4) is proposed to antagonize Wnt action. The rat orthologue of Dkk-3 is an essential iodothyronine binding subunit of D2, a membrane-bound deiodination enzyme involved in tissue-specific modulation of thyroid hormone action. In the nervous system, thyroid hormones are involved in the interpretation of guidance cues during migration. As the steroid-thyroid hormone superfamily is involved in the regulation of the transforming growth factor-beta system, a functional link between TEM39 and TEM4 upregulation is not excluded.
	INVOLVEMENT OF TEMs IN EXECUTIVE STEPS OF ANGIOGENESIS AND THEIR REGULATION
	ECM- & BM- deposition and remodeling - proteases and inhibitors MMPs: MMP-11= TEM6 MMP-2= TEM7 protease inhibitors: cystatin= TEM14 - ECM deposition Collagen I alpha2= TEM10= TEM20= TEM40 Collagen VI alpha3= TEM12 Collagen III alpha1= TEM15 Slit-3= TEM27 Collagen XII alpha1= TEM36 lumican= TEM37 Collagen I alpha1= TEM23=TEM38 BMP-1= TEM25 - (basement membrane) BM deposition nidogen= TEM11 Collagen IV alpha1= TEM31_1= PEM59 Collagen IV alpha2= PEM14 BMP-1= TEM25	MMP-2 (TEM7) contributes to endothelial cell invasion by degrading extracellular matrix barriers and by triggering signaling pathways that promote or stabilize the angiogenic phenotype. MMP-2 has been shown to degrade gelatin, laminin, and nidogen, native type I collagen, to activate proteolytically MMP-9 and MMP-13, and to modify biological functions of ECM proteins and, thus, influence endothelial cell behavior. MMP-11 (TEM6) is potentially involved in remodeling of the extracellular matrix, though matrix degradation by MMP-11 is less efficient. Additionally, MMP-11 may function through release of growth factors from the ECM. Cystatin (TEM14) is a cysteine proteinase inhibitor regulating the activities of cathepsins. Indications for its functional role in angiogenesis are circumvential: cathepsins B, H and L have been shown to participate in processes of tumor growth, vascularization, invasion and metastasis. COLLAGENS: Interstitial collagens like type I (TEM10= TEM20= TEM40, TEM23=TEM38) and type III(TEM15) are major constituents of the extracellular matrix (ECM) supporting body structure. FACIT (fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices) collagens such as type XII (TEM36) associate with the surfaces of fibril collagens and modify their interactive properties. BMP-1 (TEM25) is involved in the processing of the fibrillar matrix components type I-III procollagens and, thus, facilitates fibrillar collagen matrix assembly. Slit3 (TEM27) is proposed to be involved in mediating protein-protein and ECM-protein interactions in cell migration by linking multiple ligands. Lumican (TEM37) functions in collagen fibrillogenesis by regulate interfibrillar distances and, thereby, establishing the exact topology of fibrillar collagens in tissues. The major molecular constituents of basement membranes are collagen IV, laminin, nidogen, and proteoglycans. Collagen IV alpha1 (PEM59, TEM31_1) and alpha2 (PEM14, 4-5 fold upregulation in tumor endothelium) molecules form a cross-linked tight network. Nidogen (TEM11) bridges laminin (nidogen-G3-domain mediated) and various other components to type IV collagen (nidogen-G2-domain mediated). It is considered to be essential for positioning during axon migration. BMP-1 (TEM25) is involved in the processing of the basement membrane component laminin 5 and, thus, facilitates fibrillar collagen matrix assembly.
	protein fragment of extracellular domain containing proteins (TEM19, TEM41)	The partial sequence of TEM19 is hinting on a transmembrane or extracellular protein with relation to adhesion. The deduced TEM41 is fragmentary. From the known segment the protein is proposed to be extracellular.
	undetermined protein sequences (TEM3, TEM18, TEM26, TEM29, TEM32, TEM33, TEM34, TEM43, TEM44)