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        Table of Previously Characterized and Novel Pan Endothelial Markers (PEMs)

           The columns 1-7 have been derived from the SAGEnet Angiogenesis project. The entries referred to as "Description" are generated as part of the TEM @ IMP bioinformatics project.

            93 tags expressed preferentially in tumor-associated and normal endothelium compared to other cell-types are listed in descending order.

         
        N-ECs...number of SAGE tags found in normal EC SAGE libraries (contains 96,694 tags).
        T-ECs...number of SAGE tags found in tumor EC SAGE libraries (contains 96,588 tags).
        HUVEC...number of SAGE tags found in HUVEC SAGE libraries (contains 290,000 tags).
        HMVEC...number of SAGE tags found in HMVEC SAGE libraries (contains 111,000 tags).
        Cell Lines   ...number of SAGE tags found in non-endothelial cell line SAGE libraries (contains 1.8x106 tags).
         ...Tag numbers for each group have been normalized to 100,000 transcripts.


        no. Tag Sequence N-ECs T-ECs HUVEC HMVEC Cell Lines Description
        1 CATATCATTAA 247 501 130 87 2 Extracellular matrix-associated heparin-binding proteins. Angiomodulin (ANG, IGFBP-7, IGFBP-rP1, Mac25, TAF), follistatin (FS)-like protein. The protein exhibits a strong homology to FS, an activin-binding protein, and part of its sequence includes the consensus sequence of the member of the Kazal serine protease inhibitor family. Angiomodulin (AGM/TAF/mac25) is a 30-kDa glycoprotein that was identified as an integrin-independent cell adhesion protein secreted by human bladder carcinoma cells. AGM is highly accumulated in small blood vessels of tumor tissues. AGM binds to cells through interaction of the identified cell-binding sequence with heparan sulfates on cell surface.
        2 TGCACTTCAAG 328 141 0 0 0 Hevin is a good candidate for an ECM protein that may facilitate lymphocyte migration by modulating EC-to-EC and EC-to-matrix adhesion.T he secreted protein hevin, which is more prominent in HEV than in flat-walled vessel endothelium, was shown to modulate the binding of high endothelial cells to components of the basement membrane, a process that could possibly influence features of HEV endothelium that facilitate lymphocyte migration. Hevin, is closely related to the extracellular matrix protein SPARC, an acidic cysteine-rich glycoprotein shown to be important for the adhesion and trafficking of cells through the endothelium. The tissue distribution of hevin mRNA is clearly different from that of SPARC. For example, hevin is expressed to high levels in brain and low levels in placenta and testis, while SPARC has an opposite expression pattern in these tissues.
        3 TTTGCACCTTT 165 84 191 115 4 Extracellular matrix-associated heparin-binding proteins. CTGF is a novel cysteine-rich, secreted protein. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, IGFBP-rP2). Can stimulate chemotaxis and promote proliferation in endothelial cells and fibroblasts in culture, and induce neovascularization in vivo.
        4 CCCTTGTCCG 131 104 1 1 0 ESTs: Hs.127824 ESTs, Weakly similar to weak similarity to collagens [C.elegans]
        5 TTGCTGACTTT 73 131 2 14 1 collagen, type VI, alpha 1. Collagen VI is composed of three different peptide chains (1 (VI), ± 2 (VI) and ± 3 (VI)) that form the basic unit consisting of a relatively short triple helical domain flanked by two large multidomain globular regions (4). Collagen VI has been shown to interact with several different matrix constituents. It may have a role in the development of the matrix supramolecular structure as well as in tissue homeostasis by mediating interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix.
        6 ACCATTGGATT 102 67 0 0 2 interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 (9-27, Leu 13)
        7 ACACTTCTTTC 104 44 60 62 2 guanine nucleotide binding protein 11, G protein gamma subunits
        8 TTCTGCTCTTG 71 67 118 72 0 von Willebrand factor. Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is the largest protein found in plasma. It circulates in blood as a series of multimers ranging in size from 500 to 20,000 kDa. The variable molecular weight of vWF is due to differences in the number of subunits comprising the protein. vWF mediates platelet adhesion to subendothelium of the damaged blood vessel.
        9 TCCCTGGCAGA 66 68 3 13 3 cysteine-rich protein 2 (CRP-2, ESP-1, SmLIM). CRP2 protein has two LIM domains. The function of CRP2 is not resolved yet, but related cysteine-rich proteins have been shown to be involved in cytoskeletal organization. Based on the structural homology of CRP2 to CRP1, CRP2/SmLIM, and CRP3/MLP, it is conceivable, although not proven, that rat intestinal CRP2 is also localized at cytoskeletal structures.
        10 TAATCCTCAAG 26 106 34 16 1 collagen, type XVIII, alpha 1. Type XVIII collagen is a homotrimeric basement membrane molecule of unknown functio. Its COOH-terminal NC1 domain contains endostatin (ES), a potent antiangiogenic agent. The collagen XVIII NC1 region encodes a motogen strictly requiring ES domain oligomerization and suggest a previously unsuspected mechanism for ECM regulation of motility and morphogenesis.
        11 ATGTCTTTTCT 58 65 17 17 3 insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP-4) is locally produced by normal human bone cells and acts as a potent inhibitor of IGF action in this tissue.
        12 GGGATTAAAGC 40 67 30 14 2 CD146 (S-Endo 1, P1H12, Muc18, MCAM, Mel-CAM)
        13 TTAGTGTCGTA 38 69 9 13 0 SPARC (osteonectin, BM-40). SPARC is a multifunctional glycoprotein that belongs to the matricellular group of proteins. It modulates cellular interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) by its binding to structural matrix proteins, such as collagen and vitronectin, and by its abrogation of focal adhesions, features contributing to a counteradhesive effect on cells.
        14 TTCTCCCAAAT 20 86 16 64 2 collagen, type IV, alpha 2
        15 GTGCTAAGCGG 24 74 0 10 2 collagen, type VI, alpha 2
        16 GTTTATGGATA 35 56 11 11 1 matrix Gla protein (MGP). Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a mineral binding extra-cellular matrix protein which is thought to be a key inhibitor of tissue and vascular calcification. It is known to be upregulated in areas of extracellular calcification possibly to limit further harmful calcification.
        17 CCCTTTCACAC 52 33 0 0 0 ESTs, Weakly similar to HPBRII-7 protein
        18 TGTTCTGGAGA 58 27 18 56 2 gap junction protein, alpha 1, 43kD (connexin 43)
        19 AAGATCAAGAT 34 50 2 4 1 actin, alpha 1, skeletal muscle / actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta
        20 TCTCTGAGCAT 32 48 0 0 0 aggrecanase 1 (metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs, 4)
        21 CAGGTTTCATA 22 56 0 0 0 small inducible cytokine subfamily B (Cys-X-Cys), member 14 (BRAK). Chemokines are divided into two major groups, CC or CXC, based on their sequence around the amino terminal cysteines. BRAK is distantly related to CXC chemokines (30% identity with MIP-2alpha and beta) and shares several biological activities.
        22 GCACAAGTTCT 43 25 6 22 0 RAMP2 receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying protein 2. Receptor-activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a family of single transmembrane domain proteins shown to be important for the transport and ligand specificity of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor.
        23 AGCTTGTGGCC 45 23 0 0 0 RAMP3 receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying protein 3
        24 CTTCTGGATAA 13 54 12 0 0 PEM42: cDNA DKFZp586I1524 (croix: cell division cycle 42 (GTP-binding protein, 25kD))
        25 CAACAATAATA 42 25 13 6 0 ESTs
        26 ACCGGCGCCCG 50 15 0 0 0 tetranectin (plasminogen-binding protein): Tetranectin (TN) is a homotrimeric plasminogen (Plg) and calcium-binding plasma protein. TN is also found in cartilage and is present in the extracellular matrix during development and regeneration of muscle
        27 GGAAGCTAAGT 35 27 0 5 1 OSF-2: osteoblast specific factor 2 (fasciclin I-like).Consisting of a typical signal sequence followed by a cysteine-rich domain, a fourfold internal repeat domain, and a C-terminal domain but no transmembrane domains. OSF-2 might be associated with the bone extracellular matrix after secretion by osteoblasts and participate in cell adhesion and/or cell communication.
        28 GCAATTTAACC 38 21 0 3 0 PGT: solute carrier family 21 (prostaglandin transporter)member 2, PGT is related to a family of polytopic membrane proteins that catalyze the transport of a variety of organic anions. These transporters include: oatp-1 (organic anion transporting polypeptide), known to transport bile acids and charged steroids. All the members of this gene family are predicted to have a 12-membrane-spanning structure and, based on their primary and secondary structure homology, may share a common transport mechanism.
        29 GATAACTACAT 18 35 4 4 0 angiomodulin (ANG, IGFBP-7, IGFBP-rP1, Mac25, TAF)
        30 TATGAGGGTAA 19 30 40 2 0 regulator of G-protein signalling 5
        31 CCACGGGATTC 10 39 0 0 0 collagen, type III,alpha 1
        32 TTTACAAAGAG 26 21 0 1 1 Localized in secretory granulae. carboxypeptidase E. Belongs to the peptidase M14 family.Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is a prohormone-processing enzyme and peripheral membrane protein of endocrine/neuroendocrine secretory granules.
        33 CCCAGTAAGAT 22 25 0 16 1 CSP2 gene cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 (LIM domain only, smooth muscle)
        34 ACAAAGCATTT 26 20 0 14 1 IGFBP-5 secreted: Human insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5). IGFBP-5 consisting of 252 residues.All IGFBPs share a common domain organization. The highest conservation is found in the N- (residues 1 to ~100) and C- (from residue 170) terminal cysteine-rich regions. Twelve conserved cysteines are found in the N-terminal domain and six in the C-terminal domain. The central, weakly conserved part (L-domain) contains most of the cleavage sites for specific proteases.
        35 GCCTGTCCCTC 8 38 22 11 0 PGS1: biglycan, ECM component in several connective tissues, small extracellular matrix proteoglycans characterized by the presence of 10 leucine-rich repeats and one or two attachment sites for glucosaminoglycans.
        36 TACTTTATAAG 25 21 1 1 0 metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS1, METH-1), from mouse orthologue secreted mouse protease in the ECM
        37 TGTTTAATACA 15 29 2 1 1 Hs.143601 : confirmed tag: hypothetical protein hCLA-iso with a cyclin domain, a domain present in cyclins, TFIIB and Retinoblastoma. A protein recognition domain functioning in cell-cycle and transcription control. Naechste verwandte verschiedene cycline:ESTs / erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 2
        38 GTCCCTGCCTT 18 25 1 1 0 glutathione S-transferase M1, M2 or M4
        39 GAGCCATCATA 21 21 2 2 1 ESTs / GTP-binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle
        40 GGCCCTACAGT 26 13 2 3 0 ESTs / KIAA0821 protein
        41 GCTAACCCCTG 7 31 0 1 0 Hs.279772 : brain specific protein, with nice homologues 6/6 cDNA 11/11nt passen with a Bipartite nuclear localization signal, which means nothing at all
        42 ATCACACAGCT 19 18 0 0 0 subcellular localization: cytoskeleton, leiomodin 1 (64 KDA AUTOANTIGEN D1)
        43 ACAAGTACTGT 18 19 36 27 0 cadherin 5, VE-cadherin (vascular epithelium)
        44 TCACCGTGGAC 20 17 0 1 0 selectin P (granule membrane protein 140kD, antigen CD62)
        45 ACATTCCAAGT 18 18 0 1 1 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3
        46 GAGCCTGGATA 6 29 0 0 0 MCSP: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (melanoma-associated), expressed on the surface of most human, The core protein contains an open reading frame of 2322 aa, encompassing a large extracellular domain, a hydrophobic transmembrane region, and a relatively short cytoplasmic tail. Might play a role in melanoma cell adhesion and invasion, in modulating integrin function by an inside-out signaling mechanism. .
        47 GGCACTCCTGT 22 13 19 12 0 ESTs
        48 TCACAGCCCCC 20 15 8 5 0 ESTs
        49 TGCCAGGTGCA 10 23 0 1 0 albumin Albumin is essential for maintenance of plasma colloidal osmotic pressure, prevention of edema, and transport of certain drugs and nutrients.
        50 TGGGAAACCTG 11 22 0 1 1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 1, Mammalian translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) consists of three subunits, eIF4A, eIF4E, and eIF4G. eIF4G interacts directly with both eIF4A and eIF4E. A conserved HEAT domain within eIF4G directs assembly of the translation initiation machinery. Increase in cap- and IRES-dependent protein synthesis by overproduction of translation initiation factor eIF4G.
        51 TTTCATCCACT 20 13 0 2 0 ESTs, KIAA0362 protein
        52 AACAGGGGCCA 15 18 0 0 1 ESTs / interferon, alpha-inducible protein (clone IFI-6-16)
        53 ACTGAAAGAAG 6 26 0 0 1 complement component 1, s subcomponent. Trypsin family peptidase.Cleaves and activates components C4 and C2. The complement component C1s is the protease that accounts for cleavage of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 in fibroblast medium, thus allowing release of IGF-I to cell surface receptors.
        54 ACCGTTCTGTA 8 24 10 6 0 transcription factor 4, belongs to the bHLH family of transcription factors.
        55 ATACTATAATT 25 6 2 0 0 ESTs
        56 TTTGTATAGAA 17 15 4 5 1 KIAA0393 protein
        57 GTAATGACAGA 20 11 1 1 1 stanniocalcin
        58 AATAGGGGAAA 13 19 4 1 0 ESTs, KIAA1075 protein
        59 GTGCTACTTCT 5 25 2 18 0 collagen, type IV, alpha 1
        60 CCGGCCCCTCC 6 24 0 0 1 peanut (Drosophila)-like 2, members of the septin family, H5 was localized in the astroglial processes in some specific brain regions.
        61 TTGAATTTGTT 19 10 1 1 0 RBP-MS/type 3 RNA-binding protein gene with multiple splicing
        62 CGAGAGTGTGA 22 6 0 0 0 ESTs
        63 CCCTGTTCAGC 14 15 38 24 0 tyrosine kinase with IgG and EGF homology domains (Tie), specifically expressed in developing vascular endothelial cells.
        64 CAGATGGAGGC 18 10 1 9 0 ESTs
        65 AGGCTCCTGGC 8 20 0 0 0 Hs.24395 : small inducible cytokine subfamily B (Cys-X-Cys), member 14 (BRAK)
        66 TCTGCTTCTAG 20 8 40 15 0 ESTs
        67 GGCTTAGGATG 18 9 10 14 0 ESTs
        68 GGTTGTTGCGG 6 21 0 0 1 ESTs
        69 ACAAGTACCCA 5 22 4 5 0 P311 protein. The function of the protein remains unknown. The primary amino acid sequence of P311 is apparently novel among proteins in the current data bases and thus suggests no function. In the immunostaining experiments the protein was present in both the nucleus and the cytosol.The nuclear localization was found in all cells, but the cytosolic localization occurred only in those cells with a motile morphology, with the protein concentrated along the periphery of the cells in focal adhesions.
        70 CTTCTCTTGAG 18 9 1 4 1 basic transcription element binding protein 1, Krueppel-like 9, binds to the GC-box promotor element, nuclear localization
        71 GCTAATAATGT 10 17 0 2 0 KIAA1077 hypothetical protein, no domain hits
        72 TGTGCTTTTTT 10 15 1 4 0 domain composition:KIAA0758 protein 11/11 nt passen, 14/35 ESTs =reliable 1xSEA domain=KH binding 2xIgC2 1xGPS close to a secretin-family 7TM domain (like latrophilins)
        73 CATCACGGATC 17 8 0 1 0 interleukin 1 receptor, type I. receptor for IL-1A, IL-1B and IL-1RA. Type I membrane protein.
        74 GCAGCAGCAGC 6 18 0 2 0 T-box 2, T-box domain transcription factor, involved in the transcriptional regulation of mesodermal differentiation.
        75 TGACTGTATTA 13 11 0 0 0 ESTs / amine oxidase, copper containing 3 (vascular adhesion protein 1)
        76 GAATGCTCTTG 6 18 0 11 0 gap junction protein, alpha 4, 37kD (connexin 37)
        77 GTAGTTCTGGA 18 6 0 5 0 ESTs, clone 23698 mRNA
        78 TCCCCTCTCTC 6 17 0 0 0 78: nicht eindeutig, weil cluster fehler for APC5: APC5 is mainly described by this tag, periodontal ligament fibroblast protein, unknown, related to APC5 which shows no similarity to proteins of known function
        a> Hs.7101 : anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 contains 3 PFAM TPR domains: tetratricopeptide repeat of typically 34 amino acids was first described in the yeast cell cycle regulator Cdc23p a A function for this repeat seems to be protein-protein interaction, but common features in the interaction partners have not been defined. In many instances several TPR-proteins seem to aggregate to multi-protein complexes.
        b> Hs.306180 : periodontal ligament fibroblast protein: sequence is correct 97% identity on the protein level to anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 99% identity on the nt level der cluster
        79 GGGCAGTGGCT 5 18 12 5 0 79: Hs.157211 : DKFZP586B0621 protein tag passt ueber 11 nt, und ist in est, cdna sehr gut bestaetigt ist ein collagen verwandt zu collagen X. nt level ident mit CTRP5: Homo sapiens complement-c1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein: a collagen: mit einer collagen und einer c1q domaene: Globular domain found in many collagens and eponymously in complement C1q. When part of full length proteins these domains form a 'bouquet' due to the multimerization of heterotrimers. The C1q fold is similar to that of tumour necrosis factor.
        80 AAATATGTGTT 19 4 13 3 0 ESTs
        81 GTCATTTTCTA 11 11 10 2 0 ESTs / transcription factor 8 (represses interleukin 2 expression)
        82 CTCTCCAAACC 14 8 0 0 0 complement component 1 inhibitor, secreted highly glycosylated protein. with potentially crucial role in physiological pathways as complement activation, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis etc. Belongs to the serpin (serpin protease inhibiors) family.
        83 TTAATGTGTAA 4 18 0 0 0 guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, beta 3. cytoplasmic. Activated by NO. heterodimer of an alpha and a beta chain.
        84 TCAAGCAATCA 13 9 0 1 0 ESTs
        85 GAAGACACTTG 15 7 1 0 0 ESTs
        86 GGGTAGGGTGA 6 15 0 0 1 integrin, alpha 7
        87 TGGAACAGTGA 10 10 10 5 0 endoglyx (extracellular matrix protein)
        88 GAGTGGCTACC 10 9 0 0 0 ESTs
        89 GTCAGGGTCCC 13 7 0 9 0 decidual protein induced by progesterone, hypotetical protein
        90 GTCAGTCACTT 14 6 4 1 0 hairy (Drosophila)-homolog
        91 AGCAGAGACAA 14 6 1 10 0 natriuretic peptide receptor A - guanylate cyclase A. Type I membrane protein. Receptor for atrial natriuretic peptide.has guanylat cyclase activity upon binding of ANF.
        92 AGCGATGGAGA 9 10 0 0 0 ESTs
        93 CGTGGGGTGTA 9 10 17 3 0  


        Author: Maria Novatchkova (novatchkova@imp.ac.at)
        Last modified: May 2001