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Table of Previously Characterized and Novel Pan Endothelial Markers (PEMs) |
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The columns 1-7 have been derived from the SAGEnet Angiogenesis project. The entries referred to as "Description" are generated as part of the TEM @ IMP bioinformatics project.
93 tags expressed preferentially in tumor-associated and normal endothelium compared to other cell-types are listed in descending order. | ||||||||||||
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no. | Tag Sequence | N-ECs | T-ECs | HUVEC | HMVEC | Cell Lines | Description |
1 | CATATCATTAA | 247 | 501 | 130 | 87 | 2 | Extracellular matrix-associated heparin-binding proteins. Angiomodulin (ANG, IGFBP-7, IGFBP-rP1, Mac25, TAF), follistatin (FS)-like protein. The protein exhibits a strong homology to FS, an activin-binding protein, and part of its sequence includes the consensus sequence of the member of the Kazal serine protease inhibitor family. Angiomodulin (AGM/TAF/mac25) is a 30-kDa glycoprotein that was identified as an integrin-independent cell adhesion protein secreted by human bladder carcinoma cells. AGM is highly accumulated in small blood vessels of tumor tissues. AGM binds to cells through interaction of the identified cell-binding sequence with heparan sulfates on cell surface. |
2 | TGCACTTCAAG | 328 | 141 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hevin is a good candidate for an ECM protein that may facilitate lymphocyte migration by modulating EC-to-EC and EC-to-matrix adhesion.T he secreted protein hevin, which is more prominent in HEV than in flat-walled vessel endothelium, was shown to modulate the binding of high endothelial cells to components of the basement membrane, a process that could possibly influence features of HEV endothelium that facilitate lymphocyte migration. Hevin, is closely related to the extracellular matrix protein SPARC, an acidic cysteine-rich glycoprotein shown to be important for the adhesion and trafficking of cells through the endothelium. The tissue distribution of hevin mRNA is clearly different from that of SPARC. For example, hevin is expressed to high levels in brain and low levels in placenta and testis, while SPARC has an opposite expression pattern in these tissues. |
3 | TTTGCACCTTT | 165 | 84 | 191 | 115 | 4 | Extracellular matrix-associated heparin-binding proteins. CTGF is a novel cysteine-rich, secreted protein. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, IGFBP-rP2). Can stimulate chemotaxis and promote proliferation in endothelial cells and fibroblasts in culture, and induce neovascularization in vivo. |
4 | CCCTTGTCCG | 131 | 104 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ESTs: Hs.127824 ESTs, Weakly similar to weak similarity to collagens [C.elegans] |
5 | TTGCTGACTTT | 73 | 131 | 2 | 14 | 1 | collagen, type VI, alpha 1. Collagen VI is composed of three different peptide chains (1 (VI), ± 2 (VI) and ± 3 (VI)) that form the basic unit consisting of a relatively short triple helical domain flanked by two large multidomain globular regions (4). Collagen VI has been shown to interact with several different matrix constituents. It may have a role in the development of the matrix supramolecular structure as well as in tissue homeostasis by mediating interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix. |
6 | ACCATTGGATT | 102 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 2 | interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 (9-27, Leu 13) |
7 | ACACTTCTTTC | 104 | 44 | 60 | 62 | 2 | guanine nucleotide binding protein 11, G protein gamma subunits |
8 | TTCTGCTCTTG | 71 | 67 | 118 | 72 | 0 | von Willebrand factor. Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is the largest protein found in plasma. It circulates in blood as a series of multimers ranging in size from 500 to 20,000 kDa. The variable molecular weight of vWF is due to differences in the number of subunits comprising the protein. vWF mediates platelet adhesion to subendothelium of the damaged blood vessel. |
9 | TCCCTGGCAGA | 66 | 68 | 3 | 13 | 3 | cysteine-rich protein 2 (CRP-2, ESP-1, SmLIM). CRP2 protein has two LIM domains. The function of CRP2 is not resolved yet, but related cysteine-rich proteins have been shown to be involved in cytoskeletal organization. Based on the structural homology of CRP2 to CRP1, CRP2/SmLIM, and CRP3/MLP, it is conceivable, although not proven, that rat intestinal CRP2 is also localized at cytoskeletal structures. |
10 | TAATCCTCAAG | 26 | 106 | 34 | 16 | 1 | collagen, type XVIII, alpha 1. Type XVIII collagen is a homotrimeric basement membrane molecule of unknown functio. Its COOH-terminal NC1 domain contains endostatin (ES), a potent antiangiogenic agent. The collagen XVIII NC1 region encodes a motogen strictly requiring ES domain oligomerization and suggest a previously unsuspected mechanism for ECM regulation of motility and morphogenesis. |
11 | ATGTCTTTTCT | 58 | 65 | 17 | 17 | 3 | insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP-4) is locally produced by normal human bone cells and acts as a potent inhibitor of IGF action in this tissue. |
12 | GGGATTAAAGC | 40 | 67 | 30 | 14 | 2 | CD146 (S-Endo 1, P1H12, Muc18, MCAM, Mel-CAM) |
13 | TTAGTGTCGTA | 38 | 69 | 9 | 13 | 0 | SPARC (osteonectin, BM-40). SPARC is a multifunctional glycoprotein that belongs to the matricellular group of proteins. It modulates cellular interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) by its binding to structural matrix proteins, such as collagen and vitronectin, and by its abrogation of focal adhesions, features contributing to a counteradhesive effect on cells. |
14 | TTCTCCCAAAT | 20 | 86 | 16 | 64 | 2 | collagen, type IV, alpha 2 |
15 | GTGCTAAGCGG | 24 | 74 | 0 | 10 | 2 | collagen, type VI, alpha 2 |
16 | GTTTATGGATA | 35 | 56 | 11 | 11 | 1 | matrix Gla protein (MGP). Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a mineral binding extra-cellular matrix protein which is thought to be a key inhibitor of tissue and vascular calcification. It is known to be upregulated in areas of extracellular calcification possibly to limit further harmful calcification. |
17 | CCCTTTCACAC | 52 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ESTs, Weakly similar to HPBRII-7 protein |
18 | TGTTCTGGAGA | 58 | 27 | 18 | 56 | 2 | gap junction protein, alpha 1, 43kD (connexin 43) |
19 | AAGATCAAGAT | 34 | 50 | 2 | 4 | 1 | actin, alpha 1, skeletal muscle / actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta |
20 | TCTCTGAGCAT | 32 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | aggrecanase 1 (metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs, 4) |
21 | CAGGTTTCATA | 22 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | small inducible cytokine subfamily B (Cys-X-Cys), member 14 (BRAK). Chemokines are divided into two major groups, CC or CXC, based on their sequence around the amino terminal cysteines. BRAK is distantly related to CXC chemokines (30% identity with MIP-2alpha and beta) and shares several biological activities. |
22 | GCACAAGTTCT | 43 | 25 | 6 | 22 | 0 | RAMP2 receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying protein 2. Receptor-activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a family of single transmembrane domain proteins shown to be important for the transport and ligand specificity of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor. |
23 | AGCTTGTGGCC | 45 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | RAMP3 receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying protein 3 |
24 | CTTCTGGATAA | 13 | 54 | 12 | 0 | 0 | PEM42: cDNA DKFZp586I1524 (croix: cell division cycle 42 (GTP-binding protein, 25kD)) |
25 | CAACAATAATA | 42 | 25 | 13 | 6 | 0 | ESTs |
26 | ACCGGCGCCCG | 50 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | tetranectin (plasminogen-binding protein): Tetranectin (TN) is a homotrimeric plasminogen (Plg) and calcium-binding plasma protein. TN is also found in cartilage and is present in the extracellular matrix during development and regeneration of muscle |
27 | GGAAGCTAAGT | 35 | 27 | 0 | 5 | 1 | OSF-2: osteoblast specific factor 2 (fasciclin I-like).Consisting of a typical signal sequence followed by a cysteine-rich domain, a fourfold internal repeat domain, and a C-terminal domain but no transmembrane domains. OSF-2 might be associated with the bone extracellular matrix after secretion by osteoblasts and participate in cell adhesion and/or cell communication. |
28 | GCAATTTAACC | 38 | 21 | 0 | 3 | 0 | PGT: solute carrier family 21 (prostaglandin transporter)member 2, PGT is related to a family of polytopic membrane proteins that catalyze the transport of a variety of organic anions. These transporters include: oatp-1 (organic anion transporting polypeptide), known to transport bile acids and charged steroids. All the members of this gene family are predicted to have a 12-membrane-spanning structure and, based on their primary and secondary structure homology, may share a common transport mechanism. |
29 | GATAACTACAT | 18 | 35 | 4 | 4 | 0 | angiomodulin (ANG, IGFBP-7, IGFBP-rP1, Mac25, TAF) |
30 | TATGAGGGTAA | 19 | 30 | 40 | 2 | 0 | regulator of G-protein signalling 5 |
31 | CCACGGGATTC | 10 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | collagen, type III,alpha 1 |
32 | TTTACAAAGAG | 26 | 21 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Localized in secretory granulae. carboxypeptidase E. Belongs to the peptidase M14 family.Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is a prohormone-processing enzyme and peripheral membrane protein of endocrine/neuroendocrine secretory granules. |
33 | CCCAGTAAGAT | 22 | 25 | 0 | 16 | 1 | CSP2 gene cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 (LIM domain only, smooth muscle) |
34 | ACAAAGCATTT | 26 | 20 | 0 | 14 | 1 | IGFBP-5 secreted: Human insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5). IGFBP-5 consisting of 252 residues.All IGFBPs share a common domain organization. The highest conservation is found in the N- (residues 1 to ~100) and C- (from residue 170) terminal cysteine-rich regions. Twelve conserved cysteines are found in the N-terminal domain and six in the C-terminal domain. The central, weakly conserved part (L-domain) contains most of the cleavage sites for specific proteases. |
35 | GCCTGTCCCTC | 8 | 38 | 22 | 11 | 0 | PGS1: biglycan, ECM component in several connective tissues, small extracellular matrix proteoglycans characterized by the presence of 10 leucine-rich repeats and one or two attachment sites for glucosaminoglycans. |
36 | TACTTTATAAG | 25 | 21 | 1 | 1 | 0 | metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS1, METH-1), from mouse orthologue secreted mouse protease in the ECM |
37 | TGTTTAATACA | 15 | 29 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Hs.143601 : confirmed tag: hypothetical protein hCLA-iso with a cyclin domain, a domain present in cyclins, TFIIB and Retinoblastoma. A protein recognition domain functioning in cell-cycle and transcription control. Naechste verwandte verschiedene cycline:ESTs / erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 2 |
38 | GTCCCTGCCTT | 18 | 25 | 1 | 1 | 0 | glutathione S-transferase M1, M2 or M4 |
39 | GAGCCATCATA | 21 | 21 | 2 | 2 | 1 | ESTs / GTP-binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle |
40 | GGCCCTACAGT | 26 | 13 | 2 | 3 | 0 | ESTs / KIAA0821 protein |
41 | GCTAACCCCTG | 7 | 31 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Hs.279772 : brain specific protein, with nice homologues 6/6 cDNA 11/11nt passen with a Bipartite nuclear localization signal, which means nothing at all |
42 | ATCACACAGCT | 19 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | subcellular localization: cytoskeleton, leiomodin 1 (64 KDA AUTOANTIGEN D1) |
43 | ACAAGTACTGT | 18 | 19 | 36 | 27 | 0 | cadherin 5, VE-cadherin (vascular epithelium) |
44 | TCACCGTGGAC | 20 | 17 | 0 | 1 | 0 | selectin P (granule membrane protein 140kD, antigen CD62) |
45 | ACATTCCAAGT | 18 | 18 | 0 | 1 | 1 | tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 |
46 | GAGCCTGGATA | 6 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | MCSP: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (melanoma-associated), expressed on the surface of most human, The core protein contains an open reading frame of 2322 aa, encompassing a large extracellular domain, a hydrophobic transmembrane region, and a relatively short cytoplasmic tail. Might play a role in melanoma cell adhesion and invasion, in modulating integrin function by an inside-out signaling mechanism. . |
47 | GGCACTCCTGT | 22 | 13 | 19 | 12 | 0 | ESTs |
48 | TCACAGCCCCC | 20 | 15 | 8 | 5 | 0 | ESTs |
49 | TGCCAGGTGCA | 10 | 23 | 0 | 1 | 0 | albumin Albumin is essential for maintenance of plasma colloidal osmotic pressure, prevention of edema, and transport of certain drugs and nutrients. |
50 | TGGGAAACCTG | 11 | 22 | 0 | 1 | 1 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 1, Mammalian translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) consists of three subunits, eIF4A, eIF4E, and eIF4G. eIF4G interacts directly with both eIF4A and eIF4E. A conserved HEAT domain within eIF4G directs assembly of the translation initiation machinery. Increase in cap- and IRES-dependent protein synthesis by overproduction of translation initiation factor eIF4G. |
51 | TTTCATCCACT | 20 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ESTs, KIAA0362 protein |
52 | AACAGGGGCCA | 15 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ESTs / interferon, alpha-inducible protein (clone IFI-6-16) |
53 | ACTGAAAGAAG | 6 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 1 | complement component 1, s subcomponent. Trypsin family peptidase.Cleaves and activates components C4 and C2. The complement component C1s is the protease that accounts for cleavage of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 in fibroblast medium, thus allowing release of IGF-I to cell surface receptors. |
54 | ACCGTTCTGTA | 8 | 24 | 10 | 6 | 0 | transcription factor 4, belongs to the bHLH family of transcription factors. |
55 | ATACTATAATT | 25 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ESTs |
56 | TTTGTATAGAA | 17 | 15 | 4 | 5 | 1 | KIAA0393 protein |
57 | GTAATGACAGA | 20 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | stanniocalcin |
58 | AATAGGGGAAA | 13 | 19 | 4 | 1 | 0 | ESTs, KIAA1075 protein |
59 | GTGCTACTTCT | 5 | 25 | 2 | 18 | 0 | collagen, type IV, alpha 1 |
60 | CCGGCCCCTCC | 6 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 | peanut (Drosophila)-like 2, members of the septin family, H5 was localized in the astroglial processes in some specific brain regions. |
61 | TTGAATTTGTT | 19 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | RBP-MS/type 3 RNA-binding protein gene with multiple splicing |
62 | CGAGAGTGTGA | 22 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ESTs |
63 | CCCTGTTCAGC | 14 | 15 | 38 | 24 | 0 | tyrosine kinase with IgG and EGF homology domains (Tie), specifically expressed in developing vascular endothelial cells. |
64 | CAGATGGAGGC | 18 | 10 | 1 | 9 | 0 | ESTs |
65 | AGGCTCCTGGC | 8 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hs.24395 : small inducible cytokine subfamily B (Cys-X-Cys), member 14 (BRAK) |
66 | TCTGCTTCTAG | 20 | 8 | 40 | 15 | 0 | ESTs |
67 | GGCTTAGGATG | 18 | 9 | 10 | 14 | 0 | ESTs |
68 | GGTTGTTGCGG | 6 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ESTs |
69 | ACAAGTACCCA | 5 | 22 | 4 | 5 | 0 | P311 protein. The function of the protein remains unknown. The primary amino acid sequence of P311 is apparently novel among proteins in the current data bases and thus suggests no function. In the immunostaining experiments the protein was present in both the nucleus and the cytosol.The nuclear localization was found in all cells, but the cytosolic localization occurred only in those cells with a motile morphology, with the protein concentrated along the periphery of the cells in focal adhesions. |
70 | CTTCTCTTGAG | 18 | 9 | 1 | 4 | 1 | basic transcription element binding protein 1, Krueppel-like 9, binds to the GC-box promotor element, nuclear localization |
71 | GCTAATAATGT | 10 | 17 | 0 | 2 | 0 | KIAA1077 hypothetical protein, no domain hits |
72 | TGTGCTTTTTT | 10 | 15 | 1 | 4 | 0 | domain composition:KIAA0758 protein 11/11 nt passen, 14/35 ESTs =reliable 1xSEA domain=KH binding 2xIgC2 1xGPS close to a secretin-family 7TM domain (like latrophilins) |
73 | CATCACGGATC | 17 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | interleukin 1 receptor, type I. receptor for IL-1A, IL-1B and IL-1RA. Type I membrane protein. |
74 | GCAGCAGCAGC | 6 | 18 | 0 | 2 | 0 | T-box 2, T-box domain transcription factor, involved in the transcriptional regulation of mesodermal differentiation. |
75 | TGACTGTATTA | 13 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ESTs / amine oxidase, copper containing 3 (vascular adhesion protein 1) |
76 | GAATGCTCTTG | 6 | 18 | 0 | 11 | 0 | gap junction protein, alpha 4, 37kD (connexin 37) |
77 | GTAGTTCTGGA | 18 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | ESTs, clone 23698 mRNA |
78 | TCCCCTCTCTC | 6 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 78: nicht eindeutig, weil cluster fehler for APC5: APC5 is mainly described by this tag, periodontal ligament fibroblast protein, unknown, related to APC5 which shows no similarity to proteins of known function a> Hs.7101 : anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 contains 3 PFAM TPR domains: tetratricopeptide repeat of typically 34 amino acids was first described in the yeast cell cycle regulator Cdc23p a A function for this repeat seems to be protein-protein interaction, but common features in the interaction partners have not been defined. In many instances several TPR-proteins seem to aggregate to multi-protein complexes. b> Hs.306180 : periodontal ligament fibroblast protein: sequence is correct 97% identity on the protein level to anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 99% identity on the nt level der cluster |
79 | GGGCAGTGGCT | 5 | 18 | 12 | 5 | 0 | 79: Hs.157211 : DKFZP586B0621 protein tag passt ueber 11 nt, und ist in est, cdna sehr gut bestaetigt ist ein collagen verwandt zu collagen X. nt level ident mit CTRP5: Homo sapiens complement-c1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein: a collagen: mit einer collagen und einer c1q domaene: Globular domain found in many collagens and eponymously in complement C1q. When part of full length proteins these domains form a 'bouquet' due to the multimerization of heterotrimers. The C1q fold is similar to that of tumour necrosis factor. |
80 | AAATATGTGTT | 19 | 4 | 13 | 3 | 0 | ESTs |
81 | GTCATTTTCTA | 11 | 11 | 10 | 2 | 0 | ESTs / transcription factor 8 (represses interleukin 2 expression) |
82 | CTCTCCAAACC | 14 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | complement component 1 inhibitor, secreted highly glycosylated protein. with potentially crucial role in physiological pathways as complement activation, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis etc. Belongs to the serpin (serpin protease inhibiors) family. |
83 | TTAATGTGTAA | 4 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, beta 3. cytoplasmic. Activated by NO. heterodimer of an alpha and a beta chain. |
84 | TCAAGCAATCA | 13 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ESTs |
85 | GAAGACACTTG | 15 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ESTs |
86 | GGGTAGGGTGA | 6 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 | integrin, alpha 7 |
87 | TGGAACAGTGA | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 0 | endoglyx (extracellular matrix protein) |
88 | GAGTGGCTACC | 10 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ESTs |
89 | GTCAGGGTCCC | 13 | 7 | 0 | 9 | 0 | decidual protein induced by progesterone, hypotetical protein |
90 | GTCAGTCACTT | 14 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | hairy (Drosophila)-homolog |
91 | AGCAGAGACAA | 14 | 6 | 1 | 10 | 0 | natriuretic peptide receptor A - guanylate cyclase A. Type I membrane protein. Receptor for atrial natriuretic peptide.has guanylat cyclase activity upon binding of ANF. |
92 | AGCGATGGAGA | 9 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ESTs |
93 | CGTGGGGTGTA | 9 | 10 | 17 | 3 | 0 |