Fig. 1. The human Dkk family. (A) Schematic illustration of the human Dkk/Sgy family showing signal peptides (darkened boxes), Cysteine-rich domains (Cys-1 and Cys-2) and putative sites of N-linked glycosylation in the human Dkks (branches). (B) Percent identities between full-length protein sequences for hDkks 1¯4, mDkk-1 (AF030433), mDkk-3, cDkk-3 (D26311) and xDkk-1 (AF030434). Figures were generated using the Smith¯Waterman algorithm as implemented in the program Bestfit of the GCG package, with gap penalties of 8 for opening and 1 for extending. All 20 cysteines were aligned in all but five of the 28 comparisons, in which the final cysteine was mis-matched. (C) Multiple sequence alignment of different Dkk proteins. Alignments were performed with the ClustalW algorithm as implemented in the GCG program PILEUP. Predicted signal peptides (Nielsen et al., 1997) are underlined, putative N-glycosylation sites are indicated by a thick bar, Cys-1 by an open box, Cys-2 by a shaded box. The proteolytic cleavage site within hDkk-4 is indicated by an arrow. (D) Multiple sequence alignment of hDkks with human colipase (J02883). Cys-2 of each hDkk is shown and indicated by the shaded box. The human colipase sequence is shown missing eight amino acids from the N-terminus of the mature peptide. The alignment was made using gap penalties of 12 for opening and 2 for extending. A minor adjustment was necessary, since PILEUP inserts a single gap in hDkk-1 and hDkk-2 between GS at position 56¯57, even with gap opening penalty of 15. hDkk-1 is shown from amino acid 181. (E) Multiple sequence alignment of Dkk-3 and Soggy proteins. Signal peptides and N-glycosylation sites are indicated as in (C). Cys-1 (open box) and Cys-2 (shaded box) within Dkk-3 are shown for reference. Asterisks indicate amino-acid identities between all four proteins. Soggy protein sequences terminate at #.
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| PubMed: 10570958 | Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family. Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L, Brown DE, Guyot D, Mays G, Leiby K, Chang B, Duong T, Goodearl AD, Gearing DP, Sokol SY, McCarthy SA Gene 1999 Oct 1;238(2):301-13 |
| PubMed: 10570958 | Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family. Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L, Brown DE, Guyot D, Mays G, Leiby K, Chang B, Duong T, Goodearl AD, Gearing DP, Sokol SY, McCarthy SA Gene 1999 Oct 1;238(2):301-13 |